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Morphology

H, 40 - 80cm

Ecology

hill and mountain ruderal. Optimal

Chorology

S-European

Xylem

Distinct rings, semi-ring-porous, vessels solitary and in radial multiples tangentially arranged, simple perforations, vessel diameter 50-70µm, with vestured intervessel pits, scalariform and round intervessel-pits, fibers thick-walled, parenchyma vasicentric and pervasive, ray width 5-12 cells, with sheet cells, heterocellular with many rows of square cells. With prismatic crystals around the rays.

Xylem-Code

See annex

Phloem

With ray dilatations, tangential and radial strips of collapsed sieve tubes, tangentially arranged groups of sclerenchyma cells, with prismatic crystals.

Explanations

For explanations please see the Feature Characteristics.

© 2005 WSL - F. Schweingruber, W. Landolt, last update 18.11.2010

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