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Morphology

h, -300 cm

Ecology

hill and mountain

Chorology

Eurasian N-America

Xylem

Distinct rings, ring porous, often >200 µm in diameter, with two vessels systems: earlywood vessels solitary or in short radial multipels, latewood vessels small and in groups, simple perforations, thin-walled tylosis, intervascular pits round in alternating position of scalariform, fibers thick-walled, parenchyma paratracheal and apotracheal, ray width 3-6 cells, heterocellular with central prostrate and a few marginal square or upright cells, with prismatic crystals in axial chambers.

Xylem-Code

See annex

Phloem

Sclereids in tangential layers with crystal druses many prismatic crystals, a few cells contain dark stained substances (laticifers ?).

Explanations

For explanations please see the Feature Characteristics.

© 2005 WSL - F. Schweingruber, W. Landolt, last update 18.11.2010

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