Alpine Schnee- und Wasserresourcen gestern, heute, morgen.Forum für Wissen 2012: 68 S.
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Jonas, T.,
2012:
Monitoring von Schneewasserressourcen in der Schweiz.Alpine Schnee- und Wasserresourcen gestern, heute, morgen. Forum für Wissen. 2012: 7-12.
AbstractMonitoring of snow water resources in Switzerland. In Switzerland, snow is an important component of the hydrological cycle, with roughly 1/3 of the total annual precipitation being snow. Snow melt influences the seasonal discharge and may lead to spring floods, often in combination with other factors. Prior snow-melt related floods have raised the awareness to snow hydrology in general. This process led to an integration of snow water resources monitoring into the federal flood forecast system. Since 2009, the SLF runs an operational snow-hydrological service (OSHD) in cooperation with the Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). The primary task of the OSHD is to monitor the spatio-temporal distribution of snow water resources in Switzerland. It thus contributes to enhanced flood forecasts and a sound management of lakes and reservoirs. The OSHD monitoring system is primarily based on snow data from several monitoring networks and provides observed or measured information rather than modeled snow storageKeywordssnow water resources, hydrology, monitoring, flood forecast, model |
Lehning, M.; Gru¨newald, T.; Marty, C.; Mott, R.; Stähli, M.,
2012:
Kleinräumige Schneeverteilung und Einfluss der Topographie.Alpine Schnee- und Wasserresourcen gestern, heute, morgen. Forum für Wissen. 2012: 13-18.
AbstractSmall-scale snow distribution and the influence of topography. The mountain snow distribution is known to be very heterogeneous. With new measurement technologies such as airborne laserscanning, the snowdepth distribution can be measured accurately. The measurements show that the classical elevation gradient for snow as typically measured by flat-field stations does also exist in these datasets but is highly variable between sites and does not extend to very high elevations, which are dominated by steep terrain. The influence of the topographic parameters elevation and slope on the snowdepth distribution can be modelled statistically with good success on a scale of a few hundreds meters. Physical modelling further allows to attribute the observed snow distribution to precipitation deposition and snow transport processes. Small-scale drift features such as cornices are caused by snow transport, while larger scale differences in mean snow depths are caused by preferential deposition of snow precipitation. WindKeywordsSnow distribution, vertical gradient, precipitation, steep terrain, modelling, Lidar measurements |
Zappa, M.; Bernhard, L.; Fundel F.; Jörg-Hess, S.,
2012:
Vorhersage und Szenarien von Schnee- und Wasserressourcen im Alpenraum.Alpine Schnee- und Wasserresourcen gestern, heute, morgen. Forum für Wissen. 2012: 19-27.
AbstractForecasts and scenarios of snow and water resources in Alpine environments. During the last few years hydrological models have been applied to estimate current and future spatial and temporal availability of water resources in different areas of the European Alps. In parallel, large efforts have been allocated for the development and operational application of hydrological ensemble prediction systems. WSL has been active in all these fields and is now testing opportunities of combining the outcomes of climate impacts studies with operational forecasting. In the framework of the CCHYDRO Project a water resources climatology for the control period 1980-2009 and scenarios for two 30-years periods in the future have been created. Results point out, that the seasonal accumulation of snow water will drastically reduce by the end of the 21st century and have large impact on the seasonal distribution of water resources in Switzerland. From the NRP61 project DROUGHT-CH tools for improving the prediction of water resoKeywordswater resources, snow resources, hydrological modelling, climate change, operational extended-range forecasts |
Abegg, B.,
2012:
Natu¨rliche und technische Schneesicherheit in einer wärmeren Zukunft.Alpine Schnee- und Wasserresourcen gestern, heute, morgen. Forum für Wissen. 2012: 29-35.
AbstractNatural and technical snow-reliability of ski areas. Alpine winter tourism has been repeatedly identified as vulnerable to global climate change due to diminishing snow conditions required for skiing and snowboarding. Vulnerability to climate change, however, is not only depending on the impacts of global warming on natural snow conditions but also on the tourism stakeholders willingness and ability to adapt. First, the concept of snowreliability will be introduced. Second, the potential impacts of climate change on ski/winter tourism will be presented. Special attention will be given to the number 1 adaptation measure: technical snowmaking. The notion, that additional snowmaking may compensate for a decline in natural snow, will be critically reviewed, focusing on major constraints such as water availability, energy demand and costs. Finally, knowledge gaps and interesting topics for future research will be outlined.Keywordsski tourism, snow-reliability, snowmaking, limitations, climate change |
Stöckli, V.,
2012:
Wasserwirtschaft in Davos - eine kurze Bilanz ihrer Nachhaltigkeit.Alpine Schnee- und Wasserresourcen gestern, heute, morgen. Forum für Wissen. 2012: 37-42.
AbstractWater management in Davos a short overview on its sustainability In Davos, the dimensions of water supply and distribution are strongly influenced by tourism, the most important economic sector of the high valley. Since the beginning of tourism about 150 years ago, the local water management has established an extensive infrastructure to permanently provide the community with sufficient drinking water, protect buildings from water hazards and dispose of waste water. The water management works faultlessly, but must become more sustainable in economic, ecological and social terms. Some deficiencies such as the enormous amount of unspoiled water in the sewerage or the lack of natural waters may be counteracted with new legal regulations in the near future. In addition, for ethical and esthetic reasons, consumers should preserve the precious resource water, preserve natural waters as gorgeous landscape elements and diverse biotopes and maintain their former use as a cultural good. Tourism would not be the laKeywordswater protection, infrastructure, culture history, sustainability, tourism, water supply and distribution |
Aschwanden, H.,
2012:
Herausforderungen und Ziele fu¨r die Schweizer Wasserwirtschaft der Zukunft.Alpine Schnee- und Wasserresourcen gestern, heute, morgen. Forum für Wissen. 2012: 43-50.
AbstractChallenges and Objectives of the Future Swiss Water Resources Management Switzerlands water resources remain large even under the conditions of a changing climate. However, the latest scenarios up to 2100 and recent quantitative estimations of the main water cycle components show a remarkable change in the seasonal pattern: warmer temperatures in all seasons, wetter but less snowfall in the winter season and drier in the summer season, which leads to significant glacial melting or extended low flow conditions depending on the area. Therefore a water resources management is needed which is capable of dealing with the regional differences and of integrating both the various sectors and policies. The river basin is considered the most promising spatial management unit. The climate change adaptation strategy of the Swiss governement identifies the fields of action and sets respective objectives. To reach these, water management must replace todays demand-driven water use. Management in this context is undeKeywordsclimate change, adaption (to climate change), water resource management, river basin management, integration |
Hefti, S.; Gonsowski, P.,
2012:
"Elmer hydro" - Systeme zur Beschneiung und Stromproduktion kombinieren.Alpine Schnee- und Wasserresourcen gestern, heute, morgen. Forum für Wissen. 2012: 51-56.
AbstractElmer Hydro Systems - Combining Snowmaking and Electricity Production. The project "Elmer hydro" was developed in collaboration with the Institute of Civil Engineering at the University of Applied Sciences in Northwestern Switzerland and the Elm power company and Sportbahnen Elm AG. The "Netzwerk Wasser im Berggebiet NWB" was awarded the Swiss Mountain Water Award in 2009. The project intends to sustainably use natural inflowing water and lakewater retention from Chu¨eboden lake, located above Elm in Canton Glarus, for hydroelectric power and technical snow production under ecological and economic aspects with the same technical infrastructure. The projects approach can be transferred to other mountainous regions in Switzerland and abroad where the potential location of natural lakes or reservoirs during no-snow periods is possible for producing energy. In a separate potential study within the "Elmer hydro" project, a Google-Maps supported GIS model was developed to identify Swiss sites.Keywordsmultipurpose plant for small hydroelectric power and technical snow production, development of water resources, lakewater retention |
Lardi, G.P.,
2012:
Wasserkraft in Zukunft: Bedu¨rfnisse und Herausforderungen am Beispiel Prättigau.Alpine Schnee- und Wasserresourcen gestern, heute, morgen. Forum für Wissen. 2012: 57-60.
AbstractHydropower Prättigau: Needs and Challenges. Repowers operations include running a distribution grid and generating electricity in the Prättigau and Rhine Valley. The main facilities run by the company in these areas were built around 90 years ago. In the last ten years the plants have been refranchised, refurbished and in some cases rebuilt (involving investment of more than CHF 150 million). Until recently the technical challenges of running these plants were not particularly serious. But there have been huge changes in energy policy all over the world in the wake of environmental disasters such as Chernobyl and Fukushima and rapid climate change. Switzerland has now laid the cornerstones of a 2050 energy strategy, with the following main aims: Reducing CO2 emissions, Boosting energy efficiency, Reducing energy consumption, Raising the share of renewables, Phasing out nuclear power in the medium term. To help reach these goals, programmes have been defined at both federal and cantonal level designed toKeywordsdistribution grid, Prättigau and Rhine Valley, technical challenges, energy policy, energy strategy, potential power blackouts |
Leibundgut, C.,
2012:
Relevante Aspekte aus dem Nationalen Forschungsprogramm NFP 61 "Nachhaltige Wassernutzung".Alpine Schnee- und Wasserresourcen gestern, heute, morgen. Forum für Wissen. 2012: 61-68.
AbstractRelevant aspects of the NRP 61 (Sustainable Water Use). The NRP 61 aims a comprehensive survey of the Swiss water use. Since the Alps save a large part of the water resources of Switzerland (snow, ice, water) they play a crucial role for the water use in the country. In the past we assumed to be dealing with a stable system. Today we are faced with very strong changes in snow and ice resources. How the system develops over the next 30 to 100 years will be is the central research issue of NRP 61. The research of the programme is based on a holistic approach and relies on the pillars of sustainability, multidisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity and implementation. Using the Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) to bring the different interests into a balance, the NRP 61 will contribute to minimise the conflicts of water use in future. The idea of implementationis strongly promoted within the programme. Stakeholders are involved from the start of the programme to ensure a true transdisciplinary work. FurthKeywordswater resources, water management, holistic approach, sustainability, implementation, transdisciplinarity |