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WSL Startseite Über die WSL Forschungseinheiten Ökologie der LebensgemeinschaftenFunktionale Pflanzenökologie

Funktionale Pflanzenökologie

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Ziel unserer Forschungsgruppe ist es, die physiologischen und ökologischen Reaktionen der terrestrischen Ökosysteme auf den globalen Wandel besser zu verstehen, um dessen Auswirkungen zu antizipieren und ihnen entgegenzuwirken.

Wir untersuchen vor allem die Auswirkungen einer abnehmenden biologischen Vielfalt auf die Funktionen und Dienstleistungen von Ökosystemen, und erforschen physiologische Prozesse wie Dürre, steigende Temperaturen und VPD, mit denen Pflanzen auf den Stressfaktor Klima reagieren.

Wir wenden neuartige Techniken und Ansätze an, die von der Zelle bis zum gesamten Ökosystem reichen. Dabei berücksichtigen wir verschiedene Umweltbedingungen in gemässigten, mediterranen und tropischen Ökoystemen. Wir arbeiten zum Teil unter kontrollierten Bedingungen (Gewächshäuser und Wachstumskammern), planen aber auch manipulative Experimente in natürlichen Ökosystemen (Dürre- und Temperaturmanipulation) sowie in langfristigen nationalen und internationalen Inventarplattformen.

Dieser ganzheitliche Ansatz wird sowohl grundlagenorientierte als auch angewandte Ziele verfolgen. Er soll bestehende Klima-Vegetationsmodelle verbessern und zu neuen, klimaschonenden Managementpraktiken führen.

Diese Gruppe entspricht dem PERL-Forschungslabor an der École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL).

WEITERFÜHRENDE INFORMATIONEN

Projekte

Urbtrees

Our project combines high-resolution field measurements, modelling and participatory workshops in the fields of plant ecology, atmospheric chemistry and social urban science. We expect our work to lead to the elaboration of feasible nature-based solutions strategies for our cities where environmental, sociocultural, and infrastructural factors are fully co-considered.

Leaf temperature reconstruction

We critically lack leaf temperature assessments because of the difficulties associated with these measurements. The project aims at developing a novel approach that reconstructs leaf temperature over multiple time scales using plant water isotopes.

HEAT - Keeping it cool in a Hotter world: brEAking new ground into the drivers and consequences of forest Temperature regulation

We will use a hierarchical cross-scale approach that spans plant physiology, remote sensing, and community ecology to assess the physiological and ecological processes that underpin forest temperature regulation during hotter droughts. The work will take place at the Model Ecosystem Facility (MODOEK) and in Saillon (Valais).

new multidisciplinary project on permafrost thaw

In this ambitious project, we study ecological effects of permafrost thaw

Species invasiveness in the Anthropocene

The project aims at understanding the physiological traits driving the competitive strength of the non-native windmill palm in insubric forests. The work takes place in 6 sites in Spain, France and Switzerland.

Detecting temperature thresholds for photosynthesis and understanding how they are controlled by long-term acclimation to soil drought

We evaluate the potential of thermal imaging with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to detect drought stress in Pinus sylvestris in a long-term irrigation experiment in the Pfyn forest in Valais (southern Switzerland).

Abisko Long-Term Ecological Research ALTER

Setting up the ALTER experiment in Abisko, Sweden for non-destructive in situ monitoring of belowground vegetation and microbial dynamics.

Drivers and consequences of drought-induced hydraulic dysfunctions and mortality under global warming

This project explores the specific impact of VPD and temperature increase on tree water use and mortality. It also investigates the potential damages of using X-ray MicroCT to track embolism in living trees.

Invasiveness of T. fortunei in the forests of southern Switzerland

The invasion of ecosystems by non-native species is one of the largest threats for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning worldwide. To control the spread of non-native plants, it is crucial to understand by which mechanisms they outperform native vegetation.

Polytunnel Greenhouse Experiment

Das Projekt untersucht, wie gut zukunftsfähige Baumarten während der Verjüngungsphase in einem Klima mit wärmeren Wintern und heiss-trockenen Sommermonaten wachsen, wie sie sich gegenseitig beeinflussen und welche Auswirkungen ihre Präsenz auf den Boden und die darin lebenden Organismen hat.

Impact of tree species interactions on tree water relations under a warmer and drier climate

This research aims to gain a mechanistic understanding of the role of tree species interactions on tree plastic physiological responses to heat and drought stress. It combines an experimental climate manipulation with tree seedlings and fieldwork in a mature forest subjected yearly to hot droughts.

Acclimation and environmental memory

Which are the main mechanisms conveying adaptation on the organ and whole tree level, how fast does acclimation occur and how long is an acclimation potential sustained?

PFF2020

Our main objective is the installation of a long-term Plant Physiological Facility for online determination of gas exchange and isotope fractionations at WSL in the 2020s.

Reconnaître les dendro-microhabitats: visite virtuelle immersive d'une forêt

Les dendro-microhabitats sont importants pour la biodiversité en forêt. Ce projet élabore un nouvel outil destiné aux gestionnaires forestiers, afin de les aider à identifier les dendro-microhabitats et connaître leurs rôles écologiques.

Root endophytic fungi and their contribution to arctic and alpine climate change feedback

Arctic and Alpine vegetation dynamics under climate change can exert a lasting impact on belowground processes and ultimately on world's largest carbon stocks. This long-term field manipulation investigates the functional significance of plant interactions with species-specific endophytic fungi.

Wie beeinflussen die Wechselwirkungen zwischen den Arten die langfristigen Auswirkungen von Hitze und Trockenheit

Ziel des Projektes ist es, die physiologischen Prozesse zu bewerten, durch die sich Bäume in einem sich ändernden Klima anpassen und miteinander interagieren, die Folgen dieser dynamischen Prozesse für die physiologischen Reaktionen der Bäume auf klimatische Belastungen zu bestimmen und unser Verständnis dieser Auswirkungen auf langfristige Verschiebungen im internen Kohlenstoff- und Wasserkreislauf der Bäume zu verbessern.

The role of mycorrhizae in soil carbon storage of mountain ecosystems

This research project focuses on the role of mycorrhizae in the turnover of soil organic carbon in mountain ecosystems. It estimates the potential release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere resulting from changes in above and belowground communities.

Wälder im Klimastress

In this project we will assess the physiological processes by which trees adjust and interact among each other under a changing climate, determine the consequences of these processes on forest responses to climatic stresses and improve our understanding of these effects on forests functioning at a large comprehensive scale.

MOUNTROOT

The project MOUNTROOT aims at comparing structure-function relationship in roots of two dominant herb species of pasture-woodlands in response to simulated climate change, and to integrate these below-ground insights with above-ground responses to a whole-plant framework.

Dynamik von Totholz und xylobionten Insekten in Waldreservaten

Totholz ist Lebensgrundlage für rund einen Viertel aller Organismen im Wald. Die künftig wahrscheinliche Intensivierung der Holzwirtschaft wird viele holzbewohnende Insekten noch stärker gefährden. In diesem Projekt werden in Waldreservaten die Entstehung und der Abbau von Totholz quantifiziert, die Abhängigkeit von Insekten von Totholz untersucht und Mindestwerte für das Totholzangebot abgeleitet.

Mountland

Das Forschungsprojekt "Mountland" untersucht die möglichen Auswirkungen von potentiellen zukünftigen Klima- und Landnutzungsänderungen auf Ökosystemleistungen in Berggebieten. Das Projekt kombiniert in einem integrativen Vorgehen natur-, sozial- und politikwissenschaftlichen Methoden kombinieren, um Grundlagen für die Entwicklung von nachhaltigen Management- und Politikalternativen zu schaffen.

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Publikationen

Larrieu, L.; Courbaud, B.; Drénou, C.; Goulard, M.; Bütler, R.; Kozák, D.; Kraus, D.; Krumm, F.; Lachat, T.; Müller, J.; Paillet, Y.; Schuck, A.; Stillhard, J.; Svoboda, M.; Vandekerkhove, K., 2022: Key factors determining the presence of tree-related microhabitats: a synthesis of potential factors at site, stand and tree scales, with perspectives for further research. Forest Ecology and Management, 515: 120235 (12 pp.). doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120235

Grossiord, C.; Bachofen, C.; Gisler, J.; Mas, E.; Vitasse, Y.; Didion‐Gency, M., 2022: Warming may extend tree growing seasons and compensate for reduced carbon uptake during dry periods. Journal of Ecology, doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13892

Wang, W.; Zhang, P.; Zhang, H.; Grossiord, C.; Pennington, S.C.; Norwood, M.J.; Li, W.; Pivovaroff, A.L.; Fernández-De-Uña, L.; Leff, R.; Yabusaki, S.B.; Waichler, S.; Bailey, V.L.; Ward, N.D.; McDowell, N.G., 2022: Severe declines in hydraulic capacity and associated carbon starvation drive mortality in seawater exposed Sitka-spruce (Picea sitchensis) trees. Environmental Research Communications, 4, 3: 035005 (14 pp.). doi: 10.1088/2515-7620/ac5f7d

Guida da campo ai dendromicrohabitat. Descrizione e soglie dimensionali per il loro inventario

Questa guida da campo supplementare descrive i 47 tipi di microhabitat degli alberi, divisi in 15 gruppi e 7 forme. La guida da campo è un supplemento alla pubblicazione "Conoscere, proteggere e promuovere gli alberi habitat".

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Conoscere, proteggere e promuovere gli alberi habitat

Gli alberi habitat sono una componente chiave della biodiversità forestale. Un gruppo di professionisti europei ha elaborato un catalogo degli habitat che possono essere identificati sugli alberi e risultano imprescindibili per migliaia di organismi specializzati.

Notizie per la pratica 64

2022

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Schönbeck, L.; Grossiord, C.; Gessler, A.; Gisler, J.; Meusburger, K.; D'Odorico, P.; Rigling, A.; Salmon, Y.; Stocker, B.D.; Zweifel, R.; Schaub, M., 2022: Photosynthetic acclimation and sensitivity to short- and long-term environmental changes in a drought prone forest. Journal of Experimental Botany, 73, 8: 2576-2588. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erac033

McDowell, N.G.; Sapes, G.; Pivovaroff, A.; Adams, H.D.; Allen, C.D.; Anderegg, W.R.L.; Arend, M.; Breshears, D.D.; Brodribb, T.; Choat, B.; Cochard, H.; De Cáceres, M.; De Kauwe, M.G.; Grossiord, C.; Hammond, W.M.; Hartmann, H.; Hoch, G.; Kahmen, A.; Klein, T.; ... Xu, C., 2022: Mechanisms of woody-plant mortality under rising drought, CO₂ and vapour pressure deficit. Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, doi: 10.1038/s43017-022-00272-1

Bütler, R., 2022: Die Buche - ein herausragender Habitatbaum. Bündnerwald, 75, 2: 34-37.

Didion‐Gency, M.; Bachofen, C.; Buchmann, N.; Gessler, A.; Morin, X.; Vicente, E.; Vollenweider, P.; Grossiord, C., 2021: Interactive effects of tree species mixture and climate on foliar and woody trait variation in a widely distributed deciduous tree. Functional Ecology, 35, 11: 2397-2408. doi: 10.1111/1365-2435.13898

Silva, M.; Drollinger, F.; Morard, E.; Bütler, R., 2021: Évolution du bois mort dans les forêts de Montricher. Mémoires de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 29: 47-61.

Vust, M.; Mola Djebarri, M.; Clerc, P.; Bütler, R., 2021: Diversité des lichens et enjeux de gestion dans les forêts de Montricher. Mémoires de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles, 29: 95-122.

Conedera, M.; Risch, A.; Grossiord, C.; Bebi, P., 2021: Research Unit Community Ecology. In: Ferretti, M.; Fischer, C.; Gessler, A. (eds), 2021: Towards an advanced inventorying and monitoring system for the Swiss forest. Towards an advanced inventorying and monitoring system for the Swiss forest, Birmensdorf. 43-44.

Debaive, N.; Drapier, N.; Gautier, G.; Larrieu, L.; Bütler, R., 2021: Espaces protégés forestiers et libre évolution. Revue Forestiere Francaise, 73, 2-3: 339-365. doi: 10.20870/revforfr.2021.5474

Bütler, R.; Rosset, C.; Larrieu, L., 2021: Découverte ludique et utile des dendromicrohabitats. Forêt-entreprise, 16-17.

Diefendorf, A.F.; Bickford, C.P.; Schlanser, K.M.; Freimuth, E.J.; Hannon, J.S.; Grossiord, C.; McDowell, N.G., 2021: Plant wax and carbon isotope response to heat and drought in the conifer Juniperus monosperma. Organic Geochemistry, 153: 104197 (12 pp.). doi: 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2021.104197

Trotsiuk, V.; Babst, F.; Grossiord, C.; Gessler, A.; Forrester, D.I.; Buchmann, N.; Schaub, M.; Eugster, W., 2021: Tree growth in Switzerland is increasingly constrained by rising evaporative demand. Journal of Ecology, 109, 8: 2981-2990. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13712

Bütler, R., 2021: Habitatbäume - wahre Perlen im Wald. Berlin-Brandenburger Natur-Magazin, 35, 4: 14-15.

Walde, M.; Allan, E.; Cappelli, S.L.; Didion-Gency, M.; Gessler, A.; Lehmann, M.M.; Pichon, N.A.; Grossiord, C., 2021: Both diversity and functional composition affect productivity and water use efficiency in experimental temperate grasslands. Journal of Ecology, 109, 11: 3877-3891. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13765

Pivovaroff, A.L.; McDowell, N.G.; Rodrigues, T.B.; Brodribb, T.; Cernusak, L.A.; Choat, B.; Grossiord, C.; Ishida, Y.; Jardine, K.J.; Laurance, S.; Leff, R.; Li, W.; Liddell, M.; Mackay, D.S.; Pacheco, H.; Peters, J.; Sampaio Filho, I.d.J.; Souza, D.C.; Wang, W.; ... Chambers, J., 2021: Stability of tropical forest tree carbon-water relations in a rainfall exclusion treatment through shifts in effective water uptake depth. Global Change Biology, 27, 14: 6454-6466. doi: 10.1111/gcb.15869

Collins, A.D.; Ryan, M.G.; Adams, H.D.; Dickman, L.T.; Garcia-Forner, N.; Grossiord, C.; Powers, H.H.; Sevanto, S.; McDowell, N.G., 2021: Foliar respiration is related to photosynthetic, growth and carbohydrate response to experimental drought and elevated temperature. Plant, Cell and Environment, 44, 12: 3623-3635. doi: 10.1111/pce.14183

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