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Ecosystem Ecology

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Research focus

The Research Group addresses the impact of natural and anthropogenic environmental changes on the nutrient and carbon fluxes in forests, the hydrological cycle within forests and on forest ecosystem health. To this end the RG studies the biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients and their long-term trends using long-term studies, large-scale surveys, as well as field and laboratory experiments. It also addresses the quantitative effects of forest growth on regional carbon, nutrient and water fluxes and develops methods to quantify resource pools and fluxes in forest ecosystems on different scales.

Main research questions

What is the impact of ...

climate change on forest ecosystems?
pollution on soil and plants?
management on nutrient availability?

Methods

The outcomes of this research allow the development of scenarios to assess and model the risk linked to regional and global anthropogenic changes, including nutrient and pollution deposition, climate change, carbon dioxide increase and changes in forest management, on forest (ecosystem) health, in both, the short and long run.

National and international position

The group has partners both within the WSL and the wider national and international scientific community. The stakeholders are federal and international agencies, the forest services and the forest owners.

The group forms the core of the Swiss contribution to ICP Forests, to which Switzerland has been committed by signing the Geneva Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution. It also provides information on several criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management laid down by the Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe.

FURTHER INFORMATION

Projects

eLTER Switzerland

The Long-Term Ecologiocal Research in Europe (LTER-Europe) capitalizes on research infrastructures such as the in-situ network of sites and information technology. Thousands of research projects have been carried out taking advantage of this infrastructure.

Give and take: how much water does soil retain for trees?

Knowledge about plant available soil water is often the missing link to understand large-scale vegetation health observations. This project aims at modelling soil water fluxes with an emphasis on below-ground processes to improve our ability to explain patterns of impacted forest health condition.

FORClimateS

The project aims to aggregate and synthesize existing information on different spatial and temporal scales to provide decision-makers with relevant and robust information on short- and long-term risks for forests and forest functions and on adaptation strategies under different climate futures

Establishing hydrogen isotope analysis of organic material

We aim to develop a method for hydrogen isotope (d2H) analysis of organics which will have many applications in plant and soil sciences and thereby provide a powerful new tool to disentangle and reconstruct past and present physiological, biochemical, and hydrological processes.

Isodrought

We want to explore a stable isotope tree-ring approach for analyzing physiological drought responses of trees. The results are expected to provide a novel diagnostic tool for understanding causes of tree decline.

Photoperiod and ciracian clocks - effects on adaptation and acclimation

Do evolutionary constraints on photoperiod and circadian clocks hinder adaptation and acclimation of plants to climate change? With this project, we will provide the mechanistic basis and a conceptual framework to understand how climatic and daylight/photoperiod cues jointly affects tree functioning.

Carbon storage and ungulate browsing

The joint effects of drought tolerance and herbivory is determined by analysing the extent to which water use efficiency and C storage of Abies alba saplings are influenced by genetic factors and ungulate browsing.

Forests under stress

In this project we will assess the physiological processes by which trees adjust and interact among each other under a changing climate, determine the consequences of these processes on forest responses to climatic stresses and improve our understanding of these effects on forests functioning at a large comprehensive scale.

PRO3FILE

To improve our assessment of ozone effects on forest ecosystems, we advocate the need (i) for further experimental and long-term monitoring studies and (ii) to develop physiological and demographic modelling tools.

Tea bag decomposition study

Decomposition of plant litter is a key process for the transfer of carbon and nutrients in ecosystems. Carbon contained in the decaying biomass is released to the atmosphere as respired CO2, and may contribute to global warming. Litterbag studies have been used to improve our knowledge of the drivers of litter decomposition, but they lack comparability because litter quality is plant species-specific. The use of commercial tea bags as a standard substrate was suggested in order to harmonize studies, where green tea and rooibos represent more labile and more recalcitrant C compounds as surrogates of local litter.

Carbon and nutrient dynamics of Scots pine

In the CaNuPine project, we study the effects of drought and nutrient availability on the carbon dynamics within Pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees. This will contribute to the controversial debate whether drought may or may not cause acute growth decline and mortality via carbon starvation.

Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS)

Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) is a European research infrastructure to quantify and understand the greenhouse gas balance of the European continent and of adjacent regions.

Net Ecosystem Productivity - NEPSRI

Point dendrometer-based SRI data are collected within the project TreeNet and used to estimate NEP. The estimation is performed in near-real-time on the TreeNet processing platform (TreeNet_Pro) and needs temporally highly resolved SRI data and a site-specific leaf area index as input.

Below-canopy climate

Microclimate is a key factor influencing regeneration in forests. Particularly available light, water supply and temperature determine the success or failure of certain tree species. How will future climate change influence below-canopy microclimate and tree regeneration?

Evoltree

A large network of research institutions collaborates within an EC-funded Network of Excellence to study the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems from an evolutionary perspective.

Composition of the driftwood

During the floods in August 2005 in Switzerland, many villages encounter problems not only because of a high water flow, but also because of large amounts of driftwood. Therefore the question of the origin and the formation of the driftwood arised.

Irrigation Experiment Pfynwald

Drought-induced forest decline will gain in importance as the frequency and severity of drought events are expected to increase in the context of climate change. To understand how chronic drought affects tree growth, we study mature Scots pine in an irrigation experiment in an inner-Alpine dry valley since 2003.

Nadelchemie der Fichte

Mit dem Projekt "Monitoring Flankierende Massnahmen Umwelt" (MFM-U) untersucht die Schweiz die Umwelt-Auswirkungen des Landverkehrsabkommens mit der EU sowie die Umwelt-Auswirkungen der flankierenden Massnahmen. Im diesem Teilprojekt stehen die Auswirkungen auf den Wald im Vordergrund.

Soil solution in LWF plots

The chemistry of soil solution and the soil water availability for plants have been monitored since 1997 in seven forest plots in Switzerland. This project, linked to the Swiss Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research project (LWF), aims to assess the soil response to atmospheric pollution (acidifying substances and nitrogen) and to climate change.

Crown condition assessment

It is important to have good information on the condition of the trees in the plots. Therefore scientists determine the relationships between crown condition and a number of environmental parameters.

TreeNet

TreeNet is a biological drought and growth indicator network of forest ecosystems. It provides information about drought responses of trees all over Switzerland and their effects on the carbon balance of forests. TreeNet links the research of the eddy flux super sites Davos and Lägeren to the forest next to your home.

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Staff

Forest Growth and Climate

Ecosystem Ecology

Prof. Dr. Arthur Gessler	teamleader
Tsiky Nasolo Andriantelomanana	visiting scientist
Frederik Baumgarten	PhD student
Siiri Bienz	master student
Dr. Julia Born	projectmanager
Nicolas De Girardi	temporary employee
Margaux Didion-Gency	PhD student
Dr. Petra D`Odorico	scientific staff member
Kristina Erne	Mitarbeiterin Feldaufnahmen
Kevin Gehr	master student
Dr. Matthias Haeni	Data Scientist / System Engineer
Christian Hug	technical staff member
Dr. Stefan Hunziker	Scientific data quality specialist
Dr. Jobin Joseph	visiting scientist
Simpal Kumar	software engineer
Manuela Laski	Laborantin
Dr. Marco Lehmann	scientific staff member
Dr. Laura Marqués	visiting scientist
Dr. Jose Carlo Miranda Garcia-Roves	visiting scientist
Tatiana Nazarova	PhD student
Shengnan Ouyang	temporary employee / scientific staff member
Lindsey Parkinson	visiting scientist
Stefan Peter	temporary employee
Nora Sophie Pohl	temporary employee
Alfred Potzinger	temporary employee
Prof. Dr. Martine Rebetez	senior scientist
Mathias Romer	master student
Dr. Matthias Saurer	scientific staff member, senior scientist
Moritz Schlatter	temporary employee
Léonard Schneider	PhD student guest
Philipp Schuler	PhD student
Stéphane Sciacca	temporary employee
Raphael Siegrist	temporary employee
Dr. Rolf Siegwolf	temporary employee
Benjamin Stocker	visiting scientist
Tanja Stutz	technical staff member
Flurin Sutter	GIS specialist
Dr. Valentina Vitali	Postdoc
Dr. Yann Vitasse	scientific staff member
Manuel Walde	trainee
Micah Wilhelm	scientific assistant