• Forest
  • WSL Home
  • Forest
  • Forests and climate change
    • Forest
    • Forests and climate change
    • Changes at the forest line
    • Forest and drought
  • Forest development and monitoring
    • Forest
    • Forest development and monitoring
    • SwissForestLab
    • Sanasilva forest health inventory
      • Forest development and monitoring
      • Sanasilva forest health inventory
      • Methods of the Sanasilva Inventory
      • Impressions
      • Results of past Sanasilva inventories
    • LWF
    • Swiss National Forest Inventory
    • Modelling forest development
    • TreeNet
  • Forest management and forest functions
    • Forest
    • Forest management and forest functions
    • Silviculture
    • Protection forest
    • Forest and People
    • Forest economics and policy
  • Soil and cycles
    • Forest
    • Soil and cycles
    • Forest-site ecology
    • Roots and rhizosphere
    • Soil water
    • Microbial ecology
    • Soil carbon: sink or source for CO2?
  • Biodiversity, conservation and primeval forests
    • Forest
    • Biodiversity, conservation and primeval forests
    • Natural forest reserves
      • Biodiversity, conservation and primeval forests
      • Monitoring natural forest reserves in Switzerland
      • Research methods
      • Results
      • Reserves
      • Project team
      • Master thesis
    • Primeval forests
    • Deadwood
    • Natural and Wilderness Areas: Popular Attitudes
  • Diseases, pests and disturbances
    • Forest
    • Forest under pressure: Diseases, pests and disturbances
    • Tree diseases
    • Storms, wind throws and their consequences
  • Tree-ring research
    • Forest
    • Tree rings and growth
    • The Lötschental tree-growth monitoring transect
    • Tree-ring research: much more than just counting rings
    • Subfossil wood in Zurich
    • Products
• Landscape
  • WSL Home
  • Landscape
  • Landscape Development and Monitoring
    • Landscape
    • Observing Environmental Changes: Landscape Development and Monitoring
    • International Cooperation for Monitoring
    • Switzerland in 3D
    • Swiss Landscape Monitoring LABES
  • Urban Development
    • Landscape
    • Urban Development: Making Economical Use of the Land
    • Land use and urban sprawl
    • Room for people and nature
    • Urban Sprawl
    • Nature in Urban Spaces
      • Urban Development: Making Economical Use of the Land
      • Nature in Urban Spaces
      • BiodiverCity
  • Land Use
    • Landscape
    • Land Use in the Past, Present and Future
    • Land-use intensity
  • Quality and Value of the Landscape
    • Landscape
    • Quality and Value of the Landscape
    • Economic valuation
  • Energy and Landscape
    • Landscape
    • Energy and Landscape
    • Enormous energy potential
  • Management and Participation
    • Landscape
    • Management and Participation: Coordination of Spatial Development
    • Spatial planning instruments
    • Participatory Planning
  • Landscapes for health and recreation
    • Landscape
    • Landscapes for health and recreation
    • Landscape and health
  • Landscape ecology
• Biodiversity
  • WSL Home
  • Biodiversity
  • Species diversity
    • Biodiversity
    • Species diversity
    • Fungi
    • Lichens
  • Genetic diversity and conservation genetics
    • Biodiversity
    • Genetic diversity and conservation genetics
    • Lung lichen
  • Ecological interactions
  • Ecosystem services
  • Habitat change and connectivity
  • Conservation biology and nature reserves
    • Biodiversity
    • Conservation biology and nature reserves
    • Nature conservation and parks
    • Bats
  • Invasive species
    • Biodiversity
    • Invasive species
    • The palm moth in Ticino
  • Adaptation and evolution
    • Biodiversity
    • Adaptation and evolution
    • Swiss stone pine
• Natural hazards
  • WSL Home
  • Natural hazards
  • Weather and climate extremes and drought
  • Debris flows and bedload
    • Natural hazards
    • Masses in motion: debris flows and bedload
    • Debris flow
    • Bedload
  • Rockfalls and landslides
    • Natural hazards
    • Slopes in motion: rockfalls and landslides
    • Hillslope debris flows
    • Rockfalls
    • Rockslides
  • Floods and inundation
    • Natural hazards
    • Understanding and forecasting floods
    • Forecasting floods
  • Forest fires
    • Natural hazards
    • Forest fires
    • Predicting forest fires
    • Forest fires
  • Avalanches
  • Dealing with natural hazards
    • Natural hazards
    • Dealing with natural hazards
    • Research in social and economic sciences
    • Adaptation to climate change
    • Flood and landslide damage database
      • Dealing with natural hazards
      • Swiss flood and landslide damage database
      • Major events
      • Damage map
• Snow and Ice
  • WSL Home
  • Snow and Ice
  • Snow and climate change
  • Snow sports
  • Water resources and energy
  • Permafrost
  • Glaciers and polar ice sheets
  • Avalanches
• Focus
  • WSL Home
  • Focus
  • Avalanche winter 1951
  • Development foci of WSL
  • Forest Report 2025
  • Climate change
    • Focus
    • Switzerland and climate change
    • Series "Climate change and ..."
  • Drought in the Swiss water tower
    • Focus
    • Drought in the Swiss water tower
    • Lack of snow in winter 2022/23: FAQ
• About WSL
  • WSL Home
  • About WSL
  • Organisation
    • About WSL
    • Organisation
    • Management and Executive Board
    • Research Units
    • Service and Support Units
    • Programmes and Initiatives
    • Staff
  • Working at the WSL
    • About WSL
    • Working at the WSL
    • Jobs and careers
    • HR Welcome Desk
    • Diversity & Inclusion
    • Staff committee
    • Research environment
    • How we conduct our research
  • Facts and Figures
    • About WSL
    • Facts and Figures
    • Personnel
    • Finances
    • Research and Teaching
    • Mission & Functions
    • Environment
    • History
  • Higher education teaching
  • News and media relations
    • About WSL
    • News and media relations
    • News
    • Logbook
    • WSL's Social Media Hub
  • Locations
    • About WSL
    • Locations
    • WSL Birmensdorf
    • SLF Davos
    • WSL Lausanne
    • WSL Cadenazzo
    • WSL Sion
  • Instrumented field sites and laboratories
    • About WSL
    • Instrumented field sites and laboratories
    • Experimental sites in forests
    • Experimented field sites for natural hazards
    • Mountain ecosystem research sites
    • Areas and installations for snow and ice
    • Laboratories
    • MODOEK - Model Ecosystem Facility
    • Experimental tree nursery
  • In dialogue with WSL
    • About WSL
    • In dialogue with WSL
    • WSL Seminar Series
    • Courses and further education
    • Remote Sensing Lecture Series
    • Biodiversity events
    • Registration via Ticketino
  • Visiting WSL
• Jobs and careers
• Projects
• Publications
  • WSL Home
  • Publications
  • DIAGONAL
    • Publications
    • DIAGONAL – the WSL magazine
    • Alle Seiten als PDF
    • Diagonal subscription service
  • WSL Fact sheet
  • WSL Berichte
  • Books and brochures
  • Discontinued publication series
  • Purchase of WSL publications
• Services and products